An imagined gathering

The farewell dinner

1796 · Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Washington gathers the men who have made and opposed his administration before announcing that he will retire.

Washington has decided not to stand for a third term, and he has called his old colleagues together one last time before the farewell address is published. Adams, his successor in waiting, is there; Jefferson and Hamilton, whose quarrel has come to define the government, are both at the table; Madison, who helped write the address, has come to hear it read.

The mood is elegiac. Washington speaks about the danger of party spirit and about the union as the main pillar of independence, and for an evening the men who will spend the next decade fighting each other agree. They eat oyster stew, glazed ham, and pot roast, finish with election cake, and drink madeira punch. When they part, Washington has set the precedent that will define the office more than any law.

The table

Host: George Washington

John AdamsVice president, about to succeed Washington as president.

Thomas JeffersonLeader of the opposition and uneasy about the address's warnings.

Alexander HamiltonChief author of the farewell address and Washington's closest adviser.

James MadisonConsulted on the address and a leading Republican in Congress.

The menu

Discussed

The presidential precedent

George Washington

How Washington's two terms, cabinet, and farewell address defined an office the Constitution had described only in outline.

Mount Vernon

George Washington

The Virginia plantation Washington managed for most of his life, and the private world to which he returned after the presidency.

Faction and the extended republic

James Madison

Federalist Number Ten: that a large republic controls the mischief of faction better than a small one.

This gathering is an editorial recreation grounded in the biographies of those present; it did not necessarily take place as described.