thisweek

Gathering

A letter on toleration

1685 · Amsterdam, Netherlands

In exile, Locke argues for toleration with Leibniz and Newton, and finds the limits of his own principle.

Locke is living quietly in Amsterdam, out of reach of the English court, and writing the Letter Concerning Toleration. Leibniz is passing through on diplomatic business, and Newton has come to the continent for reasons of his own.

The three of them talk about what a state may require of a conscience. Locke argues for a wide liberty of belief and worship; Leibniz, whose patron is Catholic, wonders whether toleration can extend to those who would not tolerate others; Newton, whose private theology is decidedly unorthodox, has the most to lose and says the least. They eat an eel pie, a pease pottage, and a syllabub, and Locke's principle comes out of the evening with a few new qualifications.

The table

Host: John Locke

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz — Catholic courtier, testing the limits of a Protestant argument.

Isaac Newton — In exile from controversy of his own, and careful with his words.

The menu

Everything you need to host this menu, sorted aisle by aisle:

The menu

8 of 23 items checked

Main

Eel Pie

a period dish

Claimed by John Locke

Serves 6 · 2 of 6 items checked · 5 aisles

Produce

Dairy & Eggs

  • Checked by John Locke

Oils & Vinegars

Pantry / Durable

  • Checked by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Other

First course

Pease Pottage

a period dish

Claimed by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Serves 8 · 2 of 7 items checked · 3 aisles

First course

Maslin Bread

a period dish

Claimed by Isaac Newton

Makes 1 loaves · 2 of 5 items checked · 3 aisles

The conversation

John Locke

I wrote in a city that shelters every sect, and it convinced me: the magistrate has no business in the soul.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Toleration is wise, but order is also a good. A state that permits all may find itself permitting its own dissolution.

Isaac Newton

I have lived under both. I will say only that a man should be free to read his Bible and measure his comet without leave.

John Locke

Then we agree on the liberty, if not on the harmony.

A reconstruction — imagined from the figures' own writings.

This gathering is an editorial recreation grounded in the biographies of those present; it did not necessarily take place as described.