An imagined gathering

A dinner at Monticello

1802 · Monticello, Virginia

Jefferson entertains Madison and Hamilton as president, balancing the Louisiana question against the constitutional quarrels that divide them.

Jefferson has been president for a year and has moved into the house he designed on his mountain. He keeps a generous table and a strict rule of no precedence, so that the company sits wherever it likes and the talk is free.

Madison, his secretary of state, has been negotiating the purchase of Louisiana from France; Hamilton, out of office but not out of politics, has come as a guest and an adversary. They disagree about almost everything — the bank, the debt, the scope of federal power — but Jefferson wants to hear him, and the evening is courteous. They eat pickled oysters, a Brunswick stew, sweet potato pone, and pecan pie, and drink madeira punch as the candles burn down.

The table

Host: Thomas Jefferson

James MadisonSecretary of state and Jefferson's closest political ally.

Alexander HamiltonOut of office, but still the intellectual leader of the Federalists.

The menu

Discussed

The Louisiana Purchase

Thomas Jefferson

The 1803 deal that doubled the nation's territory, and the constitutional scruples Jefferson overcame to make it.

Separation of powers

James Madison

Madison's argument that liberty is safest when the branches of government check one another, and that ambition must be made to counteract ambition.

The Federalist Papers

Alexander Hamilton

The eighty-five essays Hamilton, Madison, and Jay wrote to persuade New York to ratify the Constitution.

Religious freedom in Virginia

Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson's Statute for Religious Freedom, which disestablished the church and made belief a matter of private conscience.

This gathering is an editorial recreation grounded in the biographies of those present; it did not necessarily take place as described.